Radio Shack CTR-118 User Manual Page 89
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- Table of contents
- BOOKMARKS
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7-1
7 / Arithmetic Functions
LEVEL II BASIC offers a wide variety of intrinsic ("built-in")
functions for performing arithmetic and special operations.
The special-operation functions are described in the next
chapter.
All the common math functions described in this chapter
return single-precision values
accurate to six decimal
places.
ABS, FIX and INT return values whose precision
depends on the precision of the argument.
The conversion functions (LINT, CDBL, etc.) return values
whose precision depends on the particular function. Trig
functions use or return radians, not degrees. A radian-degree
conversion is given for each of the functions.
For all the functions, the argument must be enclosed in
parentheses. The argument may be either a numeric variable,
expression or constant.
Functions described in this chapter:
ABS COS INT SGN
ATN CSNG LOG SIN
CDBL EXP RANDOM SQR
CINT FIX RND TAN
ABS
(x)
Returns the absolute value of the argument. ABS(X)=X for X greater than or
equal to zero, and ABS(X)=-X for X less than zero.
100 IF ABS(X)<1E-6 PRINT "TOO SMALL"
ATN
(x)
Returns the arctangent (in radians) of the argument; that is, ATN(X) returns
"the angle whose tangent is X". To get arctangent in degrees, multiply
ATN(X) by 57.29578.
100 Y=ATN(B/C)
- LIMITED WARRANTY 2
- One Tandy Center 3
- Fort Worth, Texas 76102 3
- CONTENTS 5
- This Reference Manual and You 7
- Setting up the System 9
- Notes on Using the Recorder 10
- Special Notes: 11
- 1 / General Information 13
- Operating Modes 14
- Special Function Keys 15
- Variable Names 16
- Variable Types 16
- Arithmetic Operators 17
- Relational Operators 18
- String Operators 19
- Order of Operations 19
- Intrinsic Functions 20
- Graphics 20
- Error Messages 20
- Abbreviations 20
- Keyboard Rollover 21
- Glossary for LEVEL II BASIC 22
- 2 / Commands 23
- CLOAD? " 25
- CSAVE"1" 26
- CSAVE"A" 26
- DELETE 5 26
- DELETE 11-18 26
- 3 / Input-Output 31
- @ position, item list 33
- PRINT TAB 33
- (expression) 33
- PRINT USING 34
- PRINT #-1 42
- INPUT #-1 42
- Sample Program 43
- 10 INPUT#-1,A1,B$,L$ 43
- 20 PRINT A1,B$,L$ 43
- 40 GOTO 10 43
- 4 / Program Statements 45
- 10 DEFINT A,I,N 46
- 10 DEFINT I-N 46
- 100 DEFSNG I,W-Z 47
- 10 DEFDBL S-Z, A-E 47
- 10 DEFSTR L-Z 48
- 10 CLEAR 1000 48
- ON ERROR GOTO 57
- Data Conversion 62
- Typing of Constants 62
- Type Conversion 63
- 5 / Strings 67
- String Input/Output 68
- String Comparisons 69
- String Operations 70
- String Space 70
- (string) 71
- (string, n) 74
- STRING$ 76
- Coding/Decoding Program 78
- Instring Subroutine 78
- 6 / Arrays 81
- Other Types of Arrays 84
- 7 / Arithmetic Functions 89
- 100 K%=CINT(X#)+CINT(Y#) 90
- 100 Y=COS(X+3.3) 90
- 100 PRINT CSNG(A#+B#) 90
- 100 PRINT EXP(-X) 91
- 100 Y=ABS(A-FIX(A)) 91
- 100 Z=INT(A*100+.5)/100 91
- 100 PRINT LOG(3.3*X) 91
- 8 / Special Features 95
- ERR /2+1 98
- (address) 100
- CALL 0A7FH 103
- JP 0A9AH 103
- (variable name) 107
- Logical Operators 109
- 20 GOTO 10 111
- 9 / Editing 113
- ENTER key 114
- Space-bar 114
- 100 FOR I=1 TO 10_ 115
- 100 FOR I=_ 115
- L (List Line) 116
- X (Extend Line) 116
- I (Insert) 117
- A (Cancel and Restart) 117
- E (Save Changes and Exit) 117
- Q (Cancel and Exit) 118
- H (Hack and Insert) 118
- D (Delete) 118
- 100 FOR I=1 TO 1_ 119
- 10 / Expansion Interface 121
- Line Printer 122
- LPRINT CHR$(10) 124
- LINE ONE 124
- LINE TWO 124
- LINE THREE 124
- POKE 16424,40 125
- POKE 16425,0 125
- Mini-Disks - (DISK BASIC) 126
- Additions to LEVEL II 126
- Expansion of RAM Memory 127
- 11 / Saving Time and Space 129
- Speeding Up Execution 130
- Appendix 131
- A / Level II Summary 133
- Commands 135
- Input/Output Statements 138
- Program Statements 140
- String Functions 144
- Arithmetic Functions* 145
- Special Functions 146
- LEVEL II Reserved Words* 148
- B / Error Codes 151
- Explanation of Error Messages 152
- Hard-To-Find Errors 153
- C / TRS-80 Character Codes 155
- Decimal/Hexadecimal Codes 156
- Control Codes: 0-31 157
- Graphics Codes: 128-191 158
- Graphic Characters 161
- D / Memory Map 163
- Important Addresses 164
- F / Derived Functions 167
- G / Base Conversions 169
- H / User Programs 173
- Sort Routine 175
- Space-Ship Lander 176
- Customer Information 178
- Target Practice 180
- Using Your Cassette Deck 185
- LEVEL II 187
- Hints and Tips 187
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